Refrigerants types and their advantages pdf

The most common types of refrigerants in use nowadays are presented below. New refrigerants were developed in the early 21st century that are safer for the environment, but their application has been held up due to concerns over toxicity and flammability. What is refrigerant and how does it help your air conditioner. The refrigerant is the fluid that is used in the vapor compression refrigeration system for carrying the heat from the substance or the fluid to be cooled and throws it to the atmosphere. The institute of refrigeration refrigerants americas. Common refrigerants and their ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp are indicated below. The disadvantage is high pressure at low temperatures. The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants, the new ones are usually not flawless.

Following the discovery that some of these chemical compounds may be harmful to the environment, they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly alternatives see figure 5. Jun 02, 2019 a refrigerant is a substance or mixture. Jul 17, 2017 if there is toxicity identified in this small amount, the substance is a class b refrigerant. R12 was the refrigerant back in the 20th century for automobile applications. Though their base function turning the refrigerant flow on and off is quite simple, this function is key to ensuring system performance. Secondary refrigerants allow the amounts of environmentally harmful primary refrigerants to be minimized and contained in a restricted area. Refrigerant is a compound typically found in either a fluid or gaseous state.

Mar 19, 2020 this article includes pump, definition, types or classification, advantages, disadvantages, applications, and also in pdf format. Types of pcms typically used in thermal packaging pcms typically used in thermal packaging are usually grouped by their chemical makeup organic or inorganic, with the most common being organic. A variety of refrigerants are available for usage in mechanical heat pumps. If there is toxicity identified in this small amount, the substance is a class b refrigerant.

Many different refrigerants have been used in the past and are in use today with good ability to transfer heat from one place to another. At a given temperature the condensation pressure is different for different refrigerants. They are now a common alternative to fluorocarbons in a number of applications, from small scale items such as domestic refrigerators, to use on a large scale in chemical and petrochemical plants. Refrigerants for commercial refrigeration applications. As a refrigerant, ammonia offers some advantages, including particularly. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. Nearly all of the historically used refrigerants were flammable, toxic, or both. The conclusion will share the benefits of a stake holder.

Mixtures have advantages and disadvantages when com. Synthetic and organic refrigerants are classified under two main categories, primary and secondary. It readily absorbs heat from the environment and can provide refrigeration or air conditioning when combined with other components such as compressors and evaporators. Air conditioning and refrigeration applications at domestic, industrial and commercial levels are becoming an essential part of present day living. The most common hfc refrigerants available since the ban on hcfcs are presented in table 5. A good refrigerant has the right combination of safety and functionality.

Use of the solar energy as the source of energy samira benhadiddib, ahmed benzaoui laboratory of thermodynamics and of energy systems, faculty of physics, usthb, algiers email protected abstract from household refrigerator to cooling chambers and passing by air conditioners of all types. Although refrigerants can pose one or more of these risks, system design, engineering controls, and other techniques mitigate this risk for the use of refrigerant in various types of equipment. Although many fluids can be used to act as a refrigerant, but in 20 th century, cfcs became the most popular refrigerants. Class 1 refrigerants are completely nonflammable, class 2 types are moderately flammable and class 3 substances are highly flammable. The following is a list of refrigerants with their type prefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. Simulate your system with the right refrigerant and export the results to excel. However, their impact on global warming is very large compared with traditional refrigerants. Working principle under this heading, we have the primary or common refrigerants and the secondary refrigerants.

A zeotropic mixture mixture is one whose composition in liquid phase differs to that in vapour phase. Currently available refrigerants have several advantages and. The refrigerants used in these chiller systems are gradually being replaced by newer, more environmentfriendly alternatives due to adverse effects of older refrigerant types on the ozone layer. A comparative study of water as a refrigerant with some. Heat pumps could also benefit from co2 due to the higher temperature that can be. Due to several environmental issues such as ozone layer depletion and global warming and their relation to the various refrigerants used, the selection of suitable refrigerant has become one of the most important issues in recent times. Hydrocarbon refrigerants are natural replacements for cfc, hfc and hcfc refrigerant gases, and are. Refrigerant safety significant new alternatives policy. Compare performance of multiple refrigerants, learn the line sizing, and much more all for free. What are the advantages of environment friendly refrigerants.

May 26, 2016 the refrigerant must be charged in its liquid form and only in short bursts. Primary refrigerants are those fluids, which are used directly as working fluids, for example in vapour compression and vapour absorption refrigeration systems. Most of the refrigerants that are to be compared against one another in a simple coolant cycle are chosen from hydrocarbons in this study too. Primary refrigerants change states to absorb heat from surrounding areas or substances.

Az20, suva 410a, genetron r410a, forane 410a, ecofluor r410 and puron. The flood of the airconditioner, that is, the refrigerants, their properties, merits and demerits are summarized to map the various types and their classifications. In refrigeration and air conditioning applications there are wide range of conditions in which the refrigerants. The facts on hydrocarbon refrigerants hydrocarbons are natural, non toxic, non ozone depleting replacements for cfc refrigerants, importation and production of which were banned from december 31st 1995. Typical examples of azeotropic mixtures can be seen below. Poes o synthetic refrigeration lubricant is used with all hfc refrigerants such as r407a and r407c. A number of materials have physical and thermodynamic properties suitable for their use as refrigerants. Currently available refrigerants have several advantages and drawbacks when compared to one another. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. In some way or another, it affectseveryone, making their lifestyle simple. Introduction to refrigerant and classification of refrigerant. Usually, a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle that can extract heat from another body or substance. On the contrary, the illegal market for this type of refrigerants flourishes.

When it comes to refrigerants, trane takes a balanced approach. Compressor types according to functionaloperating type. Due to their low environmental impact, hydrocarbons have been regaining popularity since the 1990s. And as long as the refrigerant stays in the system, it cant harm the environment. Mar 29, 20 what are the advantages of environment friendly refrigerants 1. Their performance with respect respect to recently used refrigerant compared. Freon was a brand name for a refrigerant r12 by dupont. It was banned in 1994 due to it harming the ozone layer. Desirable properties and commonly used refrigerants. In the last two centuries, human ingenuity made it possible to control fully. What are the advantages of environment friendly refrigerantscfc or the chlorofluorocarbons are widely used as refrigerant in professional designs, houses and otherplaces where refrigerator is needed. The thermodynamic efficiency of a refrigeration system depends mainly on its operating temperatures.

With each of them having their own advantages and disadvantages the choice of refrigerant depends on several criteria. All factors considered, r123 offers the greatest advantages. Figures uploaded by nitinkumar anekar author content. Azeotropic mixtures are mixtures of two or more refrigerants whose vapour and liquid phases retain identical compositions over a wide range of temperatures. The most common refrigerant in the past was a cfc, most commonly called as freon. Without being pressureregulated, primary refrigerants absorb all available heat from perishable goods until theyre frozen solid. What are the most common types of refrigerant today. As r22 refrigerants are being phased out, many food processing facilities are reevaluating their industrial refrigerants due to environmental concerns, legislative requirements and cost efficiency. In the last two centuries, human ingenuity made it.

Table 1 gives an overview of the different groups of refrigerants. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers. Refrigerants are used as working substances in a refrigeration systems. The schematic and pressureenthalpy ph diagram of this cycle are shown in figure 1. Environmental impact of the refrigeration and air conditioning sectors refrigerants refrigerants pose a threat to the environment because of their ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp. Centrifugal chiller r efrigerant low pressure reduces leakage low pressure makes r123 refrigerant far less likely to leak from the system. Advantages of hydrocarbon gas as refrigerantsrefrigeration it is in cooking area or your market, is very essential. Restrictions the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. The model used to compare water as a refrigerant with r717, r290, r4a, r12, r22, and r152a, is based on a one stage simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle consisting of compressor, condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and evaporator. What are the advantages of environment friendly refrigerants 1. Solenoid valves and their importance in refrigeration systems. In fact, from the thermodynamic or heatcarrying standpoint, differences among refrigerants with similar.

Understanding how solenoid valves work increases the likelihood that contractors will install, remove and reinstall valves correctly, ensuring optimum system. The hydrofluorocarbons are refrigerants that contain no chlorine and are not harmful to the ozone layer odp 0, see section 5. Refrigerants are divided into groups according to their chemical composition. Sep 17, 2014 poes o synthetic refrigeration lubricant is used with all hfc refrigerants such as r407a and r407c. Refrigerants and their environmental impact substitution of hydro chlorofluorocarbon hcfc and hfc hydro fluorocarbon. In selecting a longterm refrigerant, it is important to consider your systems requirements and the operational considerations limitations of. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Even though their high rate of flammability prevents them from being used commonly, the propanebutane and propaneisobutene mixtures are good alternatives to r12 in housetype coolers. Rev pages chapter 9 refrigerants, refrigeration cycles, and. Fluids suitable for refrigeration purposes can be classified into primary and secondary refrigerants. This article is the brief overview of what are refrigerants and the history of refrigerants. If youve heard about the r22 refrigerant phase out in favor of r410a refrigerant, you might be especially interested to know more about how.

To enable the use of smaller compressors and other equipment the refrigerant should have smaller vapor density. Comparison of various refrigerants r410a, r22, r290, r. Prior to the environmental issues of ozone layer depletion and global warming, the most widely used refrigerants were. Below is a list of applications, their characteristics and the benefits of using co 2. Refrigerants can be broadly classified based on the following. Though these refrigerants have some specific problems owing to their ecofriendliness, they are being studied widely and are likely to play a prominent role in future. Without being pressureregulated, primary refrigerants absorb all available heat. Examples of secondary refrigerants include water, air, hydrocarbons, ammonia and carbon dioxide, which are more environmentally benign than traditional refrigerants such as hcfcs. It is fairly easy to buy online and in specialty heating and cooling stores. This article includes pump, definition, types or classification, advantages, disadvantages, applications, and also in pdf format. There are many kinds of refrigerant and or refrigerant on the market today, but only a few that are widely used.

The purpose of this is to identify the considered approach asda have taken in their implementation strategy, following this, the advantages and disadvantages of each system will be presented. Aug 07, 2017 although many fluids can be used to act as a refrigerant, but in 20 th century, cfcs became the most popular refrigerants. Jun 12, 2014 as r22 refrigerants are being phased out, many food processing facilities are reevaluating their industrial refrigerants due to environmental concerns, legislative requirements and cost efficiency. The miscibility of oil and refrigerant has both advantages and disadvantages. Comparison of environmental impacts and physical properties of refrigerants ko matsunaga executive summary even before the invention of refrigeration, people wanted to improve their life by using ice to provide cold drinks and preserve food. However, important practical issues such as the system design, size, initial and operating costs, safety, reliability, and serviceability etc. The primary refrigerants are those that pass through the processes of compression, cooling or condensation, expansion and evaporation or warming up during cyclic processes. Ozone depletion potential odp of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation it can cause to the ozone layer.